https://github.com/mtrebi/thread-pool/blob/master/include/ThreadPool.h

SaveQueue.h

#pragma once

#include <mutex>
#include <queue>

// Thread safe implementation of a Queue using an std::queue
template <typename T>
class SafeQueue {
private:
  std::queue<T> m_queue;
  std::mutex m_mutex;
public:
  SafeQueue() {

  }

  SafeQueue(SafeQueue& other) {
    //TODO:
  }

  ~SafeQueue() {

  }


  bool empty() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
    return m_queue.empty();
  }
  
  int size() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
    return m_queue.size();
  }

  void enqueue(T& t) {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
    m_queue.push(t);
  }
  
  bool dequeue(T& t) {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);

    if (m_queue.empty()) {
      return false;
    }
    t = std::move(m_queue.front());
    
    m_queue.pop();
    return true;
  }
};

ThreadPool.h

#pragma once

#include <functional>
#include <future>
#include <mutex>
#include <queue>
#include <thread>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "SafeQueue.h"

class ThreadPool {
private:
  class ThreadWorker {
  private:
    int m_id;
    ThreadPool * m_pool;
  public:
    ThreadWorker(ThreadPool * pool, const int id)
      : m_pool(pool), m_id(id) {
    }

    void operator()() {
      std::function<void()> func;
      bool dequeued;
      while (!m_pool->m_shutdown) {
        {
          std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(m_pool->m_conditional_mutex);
          if (m_pool->m_queue.empty()) {
            m_pool->m_conditional_lock.wait(lock);
          }
          dequeued = m_pool->m_queue.dequeue(func);
        }
        if (dequeued) {
          func();
        }
      }
    }
  };

  bool m_shutdown;
  SafeQueue<std::function<void()>> m_queue;
  std::vector<std::thread> m_threads;
  std::mutex m_conditional_mutex;
  std::condition_variable m_conditional_lock;
public:
  ThreadPool(const int n_threads)
    : m_threads(std::vector<std::thread>(n_threads)), m_shutdown(false) {
  }

  ThreadPool(const ThreadPool &) = delete;
  ThreadPool(ThreadPool &&) = delete;

  ThreadPool & operator=(const ThreadPool &) = delete;
  ThreadPool & operator=(ThreadPool &&) = delete;

  // Inits thread pool
  void init() {
    for (int i = 0; i < m_threads.size(); ++i) {
      m_threads[i] = std::thread(ThreadWorker(this, i));
    }
  }

  // Waits until threads finish their current task and shutdowns the pool
  void shutdown() {
    m_shutdown = true;
    m_conditional_lock.notify_all();
    
    for (int i = 0; i < m_threads.size(); ++i) {
      if(m_threads[i].joinable()) {
        m_threads[i].join();
      }
    }
  }

  // Submit a function to be executed asynchronously by the pool
  template<typename F, typename...Args>
  auto submit(F&& f, Args&&... args) -> std::future<decltype(f(args...))> {
    // Create a function with bounded parameters ready to execute
    std::function<decltype(f(args...))()> func = std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    // Encapsulate it into a shared ptr in order to be able to copy construct / assign 
    auto task_ptr = std::make_shared<std::packaged_task<decltype(f(args...))()>>(func);

    // Wrap packaged task into void function
    std::function<void()> wrapper_func = [task_ptr]() {
      (*task_ptr)(); 
    };

    // Enqueue generic wrapper function
    m_queue.enqueue(wrapper_func);

    // Wake up one thread if its waiting
    m_conditional_lock.notify_one();

    // Return future from promise
    return task_ptr->get_future();
  }
};

例子：

#include <iostream>
#include <random>

#include "../include/ThreadPool.h"

std::random_device rd;
std::mt19937 mt(rd());
std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(-1000, 1000);
auto rnd = std::bind(dist, mt);


void simulate_hard_computation() {
  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(2000 + rnd()));
}

// Simple function that adds multiplies two numbers and prints the result
void multiply(const int a, const int b) {
  simulate_hard_computation();
  const int res = a * b;
  std::cout << a << " * " << b << " = " << res << std::endl;
}

// Same as before but now we have an output parameter
void multiply_output(int & out, const int a, const int b) {
  simulate_hard_computation();
  out = a * b;
  std::cout << a << " * " << b << " = " << out << std::endl;
}

// Same as before but now we have an output parameter
int multiply_return(const int a, const int b) {
  simulate_hard_computation();
  const int res = a * b;
  std::cout << a << " * " << b << " = " << res << std::endl;
  return res;
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  // Create pool with 3 threads
  ThreadPool pool(3);

  // Initialize pool
  pool.init();

  // Submit (partial) multiplication table
  for (int i = 1; i < 3; ++i) {
    for (int j = 1; j < 10; ++j) {
      pool.submit(multiply, i, j);
    }
  }

  // Submit function with output parameter passed by ref
  int output_ref;
  auto future1 = pool.submit(multiply_output, std::ref(output_ref), 5, 6);

  // Wait for multiplication output to finish
  future1.get();
  std::cout << "Last operation result is equals to " << output_ref << std::endl;

  // Submit function with return parameter 
  auto future2 = pool.submit(multiply_return, 5, 3);

  // Wait for multiplication output to finish
  int res = future2.get();
  std::cout << "Last operation result is equals to " << res << std::endl;
  
  pool.shutdown();

  return 0;
}